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American Academy of Ophthalmology's Basic and Clinical Sciences Course, Volume 12, Retina and Vitreous, Writing Committee. 2004 – 2009, 2018, 3 major editions. Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Holz F, Pauleikhoff D, Spaide, RF, and Bird A. Springer Verlag 2004. Diseases of the Vitreous and Retina. Spaide RF, WB Saunders Co. 1999.
Vitreomacular traction syndrome (VTS) is a medical condition in the eye that is the result of tractional forces (pulling) being placed on the retina. [1] [2] VTS is common in people who have an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, a type of retinal detachment at the periphery of the retina. [1]
Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) is a human medical condition where the vitreous gel (or simply vitreous, AKA vitreous humour) of the human eye adheres to the retina in an abnormally strong manner. As the eye ages, it is common for the vitreous to separate from the retina.
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease that develops as a complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.PVR occurs in about 8–10% of patients undergoing primary retinal detachment surgery and prevents the successful surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Macular hole on the right eye Classification of Vitreomacular Adhesion, Traction, and Macular Hole (IVTS 2013). Macular degeneration is a condition affecting the tissues lying under the retina, while a macular hole involves damage from within the eye, at the junction between the vitreous and the retina itself.
A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina. [1] It refers to the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane from the retina anywhere posterior to the vitreous base (a 3–4 mm wide attachment to the ora serrata ).
The fundus presents with yellow or gray lesions (white dots) at the level of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium. The size of the white dots are between 50 and 500 micrometres and localized in the macula. The disease is characterized by vitritis and anterior chamber inflammation. Decreased vision due to vitreous inflammation may occur.