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Label switching is a technique of network relaying to overcome the problems perceived by traditional IP-table switching (also known as traditional layer 3 hop-by-hop routing) [1]. Here, the switching of network packets occurs at a lower level , namely the data link layer rather than the traditional network layer .
Packet Tracer allows students to design complex and large networks, which is often not feasible with physical hardware, due to costs. [7] Packet Tracer is commonly used by NetAcad students, since it is available to download after creating a free account. [ 10 ]
When an LSR receives a packet, it uses the label included in the packet header as an index to determine the next hop on the label-switched path (LSP) and a corresponding label for the packet from a Label Information Base. The old label is then removed from the header and replaced with the new label before the packet is routed forward.
Examples of network-layer and data-link-layer virtual circuit protocols, where data always is delivered over the same path: X.25, where the VC is identified by a virtual channel identifier (VCI). X.25 provides reliable node-to-node communication and guaranteed QoS. Frame Relay, where the VC is identified by a DLCI. Frame Relay is unreliable ...
Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination, where the payload is extracted and used by an operating system, application software, or higher layer protocols. Packet switching is the primary basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide.
The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices.