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Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte; 20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832) was the disputed Emperor of the French for a few weeks in 1815. He was the son of Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Marie Louise, daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria. Napoleon II had been Prince Imperial of France and King of Rome since birth.
Alexandre Florian Joseph, Count Colonna-Walewski (French pronunciation: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ kɔlɔna valɛvski]; Polish: Aleksander Florian Józef Colonna-Walewski; 4 May 1810 – 27 September 1868), also Count of the Empire, was a Polish and French politician and diplomat, the unacknowledged son of French emperor Napoleon I.
Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France—descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–48, and since 1870. Jacobite claimants to the throne of France —descendants of King Edward III of England and thus his claim to the French throne [ broken anchor ] (renounced by Hanoverian King George III upon union ...
Francis I of France to Eleanor of Austria, in 1526. The proxy wedding was conducted during Francis' captivity in Spain and the match formed part of the Treaty of Cambrai. It helped end war between France and Spain, which was ruled by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who was Eleanor's brother. The marriage was formalised in person in 1530.
Napoleon's son Napoléon François Charles Joseph was made King of Rome and was later styled as Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication. Louis-Napoléon, son of Louis, was President of France and then Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870, reigning as Napoleon III.
In accordance with Napoleon's wishes, his body was opened on May 6, 1821, at 2 p.m. by François Antommarchi (an experienced prosector), assisted by seven British physicians, in order to ascertain the physical cause of his illness and to take advantage of this document in the event of his son being attacked by some ailment offering analogies with the illness that was about to take him: for ...
Napoleon I's death in exile on Saint Helena in 1821 only transferred the allegiance of many of his loyalists to other members of the House of Bonaparte. After the death in 1832 of Napoleon I's son, known to Bonapartists as Napoleon II, Bonapartist hopes rested in several different members of the family. The disturbances of 1848 gave this group ...
The lakeside house at Arenenberg, Switzerland, where Louis Napoleon spent much of his youth and exile. Charles-Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, later known as Louis Napoleon and then Napoleon III, was born in Paris on the night of 19–20 April 1808.