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In economics, the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis (also called the Prebisch–Singer thesis) argues that the price of primary commodities declines relative to the price of manufactured goods over the long term, which causes the terms of trade of primary-product-based economies to deteriorate.
The simplest form of a group-contribution method is the determination of a component property by summing up the group contributions : [] = +.This simple form assumes that the property (normal boiling point in the example) is strictly linearly dependent on the number of groups, and additionally no interaction between groups and molecules are assumed.
Contribution margin (CM), or dollar contribution per unit, is the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit. "Contribution" represents the portion of sales revenue that is not consumed by variable costs and so contributes to the coverage of fixed costs. This concept is one of the key building blocks of break-even analysis. [1]
The formula for calculating the NIA of a contribution is: N I A = c o n t r i b u t i o n × a d j u s t e d c l o s i n g b a l a n c e − a d j u s t e d o p e n i n g b a l a n c e a d j u s t e d o p e n i n g b a l a n c e {\displaystyle NIA=contribution\times {\frac {adjusted\ closing\ balance-adjusted\ opening\ balance}{adjusted ...
Commercial paper is a bearer document which is used by big companies. The minimum amount permitted [ by whom? ] is £100,000 and this form of borrowing is not suitable for certain "entities". [ 12 ] Finance companies sell 2/3 of their total commercial paper to the public, but there are also some companies which borrow less and sell their ...
[2] Monetarism is mainly associated with the work of Milton Friedman , who was an influential opponent of Keynesian economics , criticising Keynes's theory of fighting economic downturns using fiscal policy (e.g. government spending ).
The Marshall–Lerner condition (after Alfred Marshall and Abba P. Lerner) is satisfied if the absolute sum of a country's export and import demand elasticities (demand responsiveness to price) is greater than one. [1]
It suggests that there is no natural reason for an economy to have balanced growth. The model was developed independently by Roy F. Harrod in 1939, [1] and Evsey Domar in 1946, [2] although a similar model had been proposed by Gustav Cassel in 1924. [3] The Harrod–Domar model was the precursor to the exogenous growth model. [4]