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The inboard (chassis) end of a control arm is attached by a single pivot, usually a rubber bushing. It can thus control the position of the outboard end in only a single degree of freedom, maintaining the radial distance from the inboard mount. Although not deliberately free to move, the single bushing does not control the arm from moving back ...
In some modern cars, flexibility is mainly in rubber bushings, which are subject to decay over time. For high-stress suspensions, such as off-road vehicles, polyurethane bushings are available, which offer more longevity under greater stresses. However, due to weight and cost considerations, structures are not made more rigid than necessary.
For this reason, push-rod suspension rarely sees usage in production cars due to its many drawbacks and compromises. One major drawback of push-rod suspension is the cost. In production model vehicles, it is most important for the company to remain profitable, and as such, the most cost effective designs are most commonly used.
A radius rod (also called a radius arm, torque arm, torque spring, and torsion bar) is a suspension link intended to control wheel motion in the longitudinal (fore-aft) direction. The link is connected (with a rubber or solid bushing ) on one end to the wheel carrier or axle , on the other to the chassis or unibody of the vehicle.
The twist-beam provided a cost saving of €100 per car compared to multi-link rear suspension, [4] although the version used in the 2009–2018 Opel Astra also employed a Watts linkage at a cost of €20 to address the drawbacks and provide a competitive and cost-effective rear suspension.
The various bushings or ball joints do not have to be on horizontal axes, parallel to the vehicle center line. If they are set at an angle, then anti-dive and anti-squat geometry can be dialed in. In many racing cars, the springs and dampers are relocated inside the bodywork.