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The subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM) is a possible fourth meningeal layer that was proposed in 2023 in the brain of humans and mice. [10] The SLYM is located in the subarachnoid space, the space between the middle reticular meninges and the innermost tender meninges that lie close to the brain. [10]
The dura mater has two layers, an outer periosteal layer closely adhered to the neurocranium, and an inner meningeal layer known as the dural border cell layer. [1] The two dural layers are for the most part fused together forming a thick fibrous tissue membrane that covers the brain and the vertebrae of the spinal column. [2]
Pia mater (/ ˈ p aɪ. ə ˈ m eɪ t ər / or / ˈ p iː ə ˈ m ɑː t ər /), [1] often referred to as simply the pia, is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
While many scientists study the brain parenchyma proper, Kipnis explained, his lab is relatively unique in studying the meninges: We are among the few labs who are interested in this very unique area of the brain: the coverings of the brain - the so-called 'meninges.' We've been looking into this area for a few years now," Kipnis said.
The arachnoid mater is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial (closer to the surface) and much thicker dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The delicate arachnoid layer is not attached to the inside of the dura but against it, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
In the brain a laminar organization is evident in the arrangement of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater has two layers a periosteal layer near to the bone of the skull, and a meningeal layer next to the other meninges. [3]
Embryologically, the arachnoid trabeculae are the remnants of the common precursor that forms both the arachnoid and pial layers of the meninges. The initial development of the subarachnoid space occurs in two phases: [13] A mesenchymal layer "invades" between the embryonic epithelium and the developing neuroepithelium of the telencephalon.
The subarachnoid cisterns are spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space, an anatomic space in the meninges of the brain. [1] The space is situated between the two meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. These cisterns are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). [1]