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Moissan's fluorine cell, from his 1887 publication. Fluorine is a relatively new element in human applications. In ancient times, only minor uses of fluorine-containing minerals existed. The industrial use of fluorite, fluorine's source mineral, was first described by early scientist Georgius Agricola in the 16th century, in the context of ...
In September 1948, he presented a series of papers at a Fluorocarbon Symposium by the American Chemical Society. [4] On 29 November 1948 he filed an application to patent the electrochemical process of making fluorine-containing carbon compounds with two others from the Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company , St. Paul, Minnesota, which he ...
1909 photograph by Frederick McKay of Greene Vardiman Black (left) and Isaac Burton and F.Y. Wilson, studying the Colorado Brown Stain [8]. Community water fluoridation in the United States is partly due to the research of Dr. Frederick McKay, who pressed the dental community for an investigation into what was then known as "Colorado Brown Stain."
During the 1950s and 1960s, conspiracy theorists baselessly claimed that fluoridation was a communist plot to undermine American public health. [11] In recent years, water fluoridation has become a prevalent health and political issue in many countries, resulting in some countries and communities discontinuing its use while it has expanded in ...
And any created fluorine within stars is rapidly eliminated through strong nuclear fusion reactions—either with hydrogen to form oxygen and helium, or with helium to make neon and hydrogen. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The presence of fluorine at all—outside of temporary existence in stars—is somewhat of a mystery because of the need to escape these ...
Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen [note 1] and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases. It is highly toxic.
Courtesy Adam Dince In 1995, I enlisted in the United States Navy because in all honesty, it was my only option. I had no marketable skills, poor grades in school, was working a dead-end retail ...
Substituting a fluorine into a para position, however, protects the aromatic ring and prevents the epoxide from being produced. [13] Adding fluorine to biologically active organic compounds increases their lipophilicity (ability to dissolve in fats), because the carbon–fluorine bond is even more hydrophobic than the carbon–hydrogen bond.