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Double encoding is usually used as an attack technique to bypass authorization schemes or security filters that intercept user input. [2] In double encoding attacks against security filters, characters of the payload that are treated as illegal by those filters are replaced with their double-encoded form. [3]
Cross-site scripting (XSS) [a] is a type of security vulnerability that can be found in some web applications. XSS attacks enable attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users. A cross-site scripting vulnerability may be used by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same-origin policy.
Additionally, while typically described as a static type of attack, CSRF can also be dynamically constructed as part of a payload for a cross-site scripting attack, as demonstrated by the Samy worm, or constructed on the fly from session information leaked via offsite content and sent to a target as a malicious URL.
An XSS worm, sometimes referred to as a cross site scripting virus, [1] is a malicious (or sometimes non-malicious) payload, usually written in JavaScript, that breaches browser security to propagate among visitors of a website in the attempt to progressively infect other visitors. [2]
Cache-timing attacks rely on the ability to infer hits and misses in shared caches on the web platform. [54] One of the first instances of a cache-timing attack involved the making of a cross-origin request to a page and then probing for the existence of the resources loaded by the request in the shared HTTP and the DNS cache.
Samy (also known as JS.Spacehero) is a cross-site scripting worm that was designed to propagate across the social networking site MySpace by Samy Kamkar.Within just 20 hours [1] of its October 4, 2005 release, over one million users had run the payload [2] making Samy the fastest-spreading virus of all time.
The problem was first reported as early as 2002, [3] but began to be widely addressed in 2008. [4] Defenses against this kind of attack include capping the memory allocated in an individual parser if loss of the document is acceptable, or treating entities symbolically and expanding them lazily only when (and to the extent) their content is to ...
Upgrade: h2c, HTTPS/1.3, IRC/6.9, RTA/x11, websocket: Permanent RFC 9110: Via: Informs the server of proxies through which the request was sent. Via: 1.0 fred, 1.1 example.com (Apache/1.1) Permanent RFC 9110: Warning: A general warning about possible problems with the entity body. Warning: 199 Miscellaneous warning: Obsolete [21] RFC 7234, 9111