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  2. Extraction of petroleum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_of_petroleum

    The oil and gas extraction workforce faces unique health and safety challenges and is recognized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues.

  3. Petroleum refining processes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_refining_processes

    Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.

  4. Natural-gas processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-gas_processing

    A natural-gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Austria. Natural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas [1] for pipeline distribution and final use. [2]

  5. Enhanced oil recovery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_oil_recovery

    Enhanced oil recovery (abbreviated EOR), also called tertiary recovery, is the extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise. Whereas primary and secondary recovery techniques rely on the pressure differential between the surface and the underground well, enhanced oil recovery functions by altering the physical or ...

  6. Petroleum industry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_industry

    World oil reserves as of 2013. The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products.

  7. Oil refinery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery

    The final step in gasoline production is the blending of fuels with different octane ratings, vapor pressures, and other properties to meet product specifications. Another method for reprocessing and upgrading these intermediate products (residual oils) uses a devolatilization process to separate usable oil from the waste asphaltene material ...

  8. Shale oil extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction

    Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production. This process converts kerogen in oil shale into shale oil by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. The resultant shale oil is used as fuel oil or upgraded to meet refinery feedstock specifications by adding hydrogen and removing sulfur and nitrogen ...

  9. Fluid catalytic cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_catalytic_cracking

    The feedstock to the FCC conversion process usually is heavy gas oil (HGO), which is that portion of the petroleum (crude oil) that has an initial boiling-point temperature of 340 °C (644 °F) or higher, at atmospheric pressure, and that has an average molecular weight that ranges from about 200 to 600 or higher; heavy gas oil also is known as ...