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  2. History of the Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Ruhr

    Sigillara specimen (bark removed), found in the Nordstern mine, Flöz Zollverein 2/3 at a depth of 1000m.. During the Carboniferous Period, in the Paleozoic era, which began 360 million years ago and ended 300 million years ago, layers of slate, coal and sandstone were formed. 400 to 300 million years ago, new mountains were uplifted during the Variscan mountain-building period.

  3. Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr

    The 1911 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica has only one definition of "Ruhr": "a river of Germany, an important right-bank tributary of the lower Rhine". The use of the term "Ruhr" for the industrial region started in Britain only after World War I, when French and Belgian troops had occupied the Ruhr district and seized its prime industrial assets in lieu of unpaid reparations in 1923.

  4. Occupation of the Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Ruhr

    The occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was the period from 11 January 1923 to 25 August 1925 when French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr region of Weimar Republic Germany. The occupation of the heavily industrialized Ruhr district came in response to Germany's repeated defaults on the reparations payments required under the ...

  5. Rhenish Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenish_Republic

    The Rhenish Republic (German: Rheinische Republik) was proclaimed at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) in October 1923 during the occupation of the Ruhr by troops from France and Belgium (January 1923 – 1925) and subjected itself to French protectorate. [1] It comprised three territories, named North, South and Ruhr.

  6. Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollverein_Coal_Mine...

    The Ruhr Museum in the former Coal Washery, located on the UNESCO World Heritages Site Zollverein, is the regional museum of the Ruhr Area. In its permanent exhibition the Ruhr Museum presents, with over 6,000 exhibits, the fascinating history of one of the largest industrial regions of the world, from the formation of coal 300 million years ...

  7. Rhineland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhineland

    The area encompasses the western part of the Ruhr industrial region and the Cologne Lowland. Some of the larger cities in the Rhineland are Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Koblenz, Krefeld, Leverkusen, Mainz, Mönchengladbach, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Oberhausen, Remscheid, Solingen, Trier and Wuppertal.

  8. Ruhr pocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_pocket

    The Ruhr pocket was a battle of encirclement that took place in April 1945, on the Western Front near the end of World War II in Europe, in the Ruhr Area of Germany. Some 317,000 German troops were taken prisoner along with 24 generals. The Americans suffered 10,000 casualties including 2,000 killed or missing.

  9. Ruhr (river) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_(river)

    Then the river marks the southern limit of the Ruhr area, passing Hagen, Dortmund, Herdecke, Wetter, Witten, Bochum, Hattingen, Essen, Mülheim, and Duisburg. The Ruhr area was Germany's primary industrial area during the early- to mid-20th century. Most factories were located there.