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ggplot2 is an open-source data visualization package for the statistical programming language R.Created by Hadley Wickham in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a ...
UpSet plots became popular as they became available as an R-library based on ggplot2, [3] and were subsequently re-implemented in various programming languages, such as Python, and others. [4] As of January 2024, UpSetR has been downloaded from CRAN more than 1.5 million times, although it was last updated 5 years ago. [ 5 ]
A rug plot of 100 data points appears in blue along the x-axis. (The points are sampled from the normal distribution shown in gray. The other curves show various kernel density estimates of the data.) A rug plot is a plot of data for a single quantitative variable, displayed as marks along an axis. It is used to visualise the distribution of ...
Many boosting algorithms rely on the notion of a margin to assign weight to samples. If a convex loss is utilized (as in AdaBoost or LogitBoost, for instance) then a sample with a higher margin will receive less (or equal) weight than a sample with a lower margin. This leads the boosting algorithm to focus weight on low-margin samples.
As an example, if the two distributions do not overlap, say F is below G, then the P–P plot will move from left to right along the bottom of the square – as z moves through the support of F, the cdf of F goes from 0 to 1, while the cdf of G stays at 0 – and then moves up the right side of the square – the cdf of F is now 1, as all points of F lie below all points of G, and now the cdf ...
A mosaic plot, Marimekko chart, Mekko chart, or sometimes percent stacked bar plot, is a graphical visualization of data from two or more qualitative variables. [1] It is the multidimensional extension of spineplots, which graphically display the same information for only one variable. [ 2 ]
A stem-and-leaf plot of prime numbers under 100 shows that the most frequent tens digits are 0 and 1 while the least is 9. A stem-and-leaf display or stem-and-leaf plot is a device for presenting quantitative data in a graphical format, similar to a histogram, to assist in visualizing the shape of a distribution.
The dot plot as a representation of a distribution consists of group of data points plotted on a simple scale. Dot plots are used for continuous, quantitative, univariate data. Data points may be labelled if there are few of them. Dot plots are one of the simplest statistical plots, and are suitable for small to moderate sized data sets.