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Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial cells function to support neurons and in the PNS, also include satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, enteric glia and glia that reside at sensory nerve endings, such as the Pacinian corpuscle.
Plate 4, Figure 9 from the book, showing drawings of what are now called Schwann cells in the vagus nerve of a calf. The book is credited with the first description of what would later be called Schwann cell, a type of glial cell. [3] The description of the cells was evident from passages such as: [3]
In 1839, Theodor Schwann states that along with plants, animals are composed of cells or the product of cells in their structures. [11] This was a major advance in the field of biology since little was known about animal structure up to this point compared to plants.
The nonmyelinating Schwann cells are a subgroup of the Schwann cells characterized by not forming myelin. [1]The group of nonmyelinating Schwann cells includes the terminal Schwann cells, present at neuromuscular junctions, the Schwann cells of Remak fibers (also called Remak Schwann cells) and the Schwann cells associated to sensory structures, like tactile corpuscles and lamellar corpuscles.
Glial cells known as astrocytes enlarge and proliferate to form a scar and produce inhibitory molecules that inhibit regrowth of a damaged or severed axon. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), glial cells known as Schwann cells (or also as neuri-lemmocytes) promote repair. After axonal injury, Schwann cells regress to an earlier ...
Theodor Schwann (German pronunciation: [ˈteːodoːɐ̯ ˈʃvan]; [1] [2] 7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German physician and physiologist. [3] His most significant contribution to biology is considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals.
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Neurilemma (also known as neurolemma, sheath of Schwann, or Schwann's sheath) [1] is the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells (also called neurilemmocytes) that surrounds the axon of the neuron. It forms the outermost layer of the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system. [2]