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The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [1]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [2] and proposed that they existed within atoms, and an electric current is electrons hopping from one atom to an adjacent one in a series.
Young's interference experiment: Thomas Young: Confirmation Wave theory of light: 1819 Arago spot experiment François Arago: Confirmation Fresnel diffraction due to circular object 1838 Bedford Level experiment: Samuel Rowbotham: Measurement Curvature of the Earth 1843 Faraday's ice pail experiment: Michael Faraday: Demonstration ...
Atomic nucleus identified by Ernest Rutherford, based on scattering observed by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden [7] 1919 Proton discovered by Ernest Rutherford [8] 1931 Deuteron discovered by Harold Urey [9] [10] (predicted by Rutherford in 1920 [11]) 1932 Neutron discovered by James Chadwick [12] (predicted by Rutherford in 1920 [11
Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [ 7 ] and "the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday ". [ 8 ]
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics.
1975 – Roberto Colella, Albert Overhauser, and Samuel Werner observe the quantum-mechanical phase shift of neutrons due to gravity. [194] Neutron interferometry was later used to test the principle of equivalence. [195] [196] [197] 1975 – Chandrasekhar and Steven Detweiler compute the effects of perturbations on a Schwarzschild black hole ...
Later it was understood that it is possible to describe gravity in the framework of quantum field theory like the other fundamental forces. In this framework, the attractive force of gravity arises due to exchange of virtual gravitons, in the same way as the electromagnetic force arises from exchange of virtual photons.
A "double pulsar" discovered in 2003, PSR J0737-3039, has a periastron precession of 16.90° per year; unlike the Hulse–Taylor binary, both neutron stars are detected as pulsars, allowing precision timing of both members of the system. Due to this, the tight orbit, the fact that the system is almost edge-on, and the very low transverse ...