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  2. Climate change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

    The timescale of long-term impacts are centuries to millennia due to CO 2 's long atmospheric lifetime. [209] The result is an estimated total sea level rise of 2.3 metres per degree Celsius (4.2 ft/°F) after 2000 years. [ 210 ]

  3. Effects of climate change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change

    Some climate change effects: wildfire caused by heat and dryness, bleached coral caused by ocean acidification and heating, environmental migration caused by desertification, and coastal flooding caused by storms and sea level rise. Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall ...

  4. Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_Earth:_Why_Complex...

    Rare Earth was succeeded in 2003 by the follow-on book The Life and Death of Planet Earth: How the New Science of Astrobiology Charts the Ultimate Fate of our World, also by Ward and Brownlee, which talks about the Earth's long-term future and eventual demise under a warming and expanding Sun, showing readers the concept that planets like Earth ...

  5. Future of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Earth

    The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling rate of the planet's interior, gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity.

  6. Gaia hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_hypothesis

    The Gaia hypothesis (/ ˈ ɡ aɪ. ə /), also known as the Gaia theory, Gaia paradigm, or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.

  7. The Uninhabitable Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Uninhabitable_Earth

    The long-form article depicts a worst-case scenario of what might happen in the near-future due to global warming. The story was the most-read article in the history of the magazine. [1] [2] The article became the inspiration for The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming, a book-length treatment of the ideas explored in the original essay. [3]

  8. History of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_life

    The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...

  9. Extreme environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_environment

    An extreme environment is a habitat that is considered very hard to survive in due to its considerably extreme conditions such as temperature, accessibility to different energy sources or under high pressure. For an area to be considered an extreme environment, it must contain certain conditions and aspects that are considered very hard for ...