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These studies and those of Cohen et al. 1989, [21] suggested abnormal cortical development which was presumed to occur before or during the sixth month of foetal brain development. [ 22 ] In 1993, Castles and Coltheart described developmental dyslexia as two prevalent and distinct varieties using the subtypes of alexia (acquired dyslexia ...
During the twentieth century, dyslexia was primarily seen as a phonological deficit (specifically phonological awareness) that resulted in a reading deficit. [5] [6] [7] Dyslexia was seen as an issue with reading achievement specifically, caused by deficits in discrimination of written word sounds as opposed to a broader disorder of brain ...
Dyslexia is believed to be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases run in families. Dyslexia that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is sometimes called "acquired dyslexia" or alexia. The underlying mechanisms of dyslexia result from differences within the brain's language processing ...
Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling. Characteristic features of dyslexia are difficulties in phonological awareness, verbal memory and verbal processing speed. Dyslexia occurs across the range of intellectual abilities.
In the preschool years, a family history of dyslexia, particularly in biological parents and siblings, predicts an eventual dyslexia diagnosis better than any test. [95] In primary school (ages 5–7), the ideal screening procedure consists of training primary school teachers to carefully observe and record their pupils' progress through the ...
The Institute of Education Sciences (the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), describes the approach as follows: "Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels.
Dyslexia Action's head office moved to Egham in May 2014 and the Countess officially opened the Egham Learning Centre during Dyslexia Awareness Week on 4 November 2014. [10] On 13 April 2017, Matthew Haw and Karen Spears of RSM Restructuring Advisory LLP were appointed as administrators of Dyslexia Institute Limited t/a Dyslexia Action.
Orthographies and dyslexia Phonological awareness. Dyslexia research—sub category, main article Genetic research into dyslexia Brain scan research into dyslexia History of dyslexia research. Theories of dyslexia—sub sub category main article; see discussion page for ongoing comments Phonological deficit Perceptual noise exclusion hypothesis