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Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. In many organisms, a significant fraction of the genomic DNA is repetitive, with over two-thirds of the sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. [ 1 ]
All tandem repeat arrays are classifiable as satellite DNA, a name originating from the fact that tandem DNA repeats, by nature of repeating the same nucleotide sequences repeatedly, have a unique ratio of the two possible nucleotide base pair combinations, conferring them a specific mass density that allows them to be separated from the rest of the genome with density-based laboratory ...
Protein tandem repeats can be either detected from sequence or annotated from structure. Specialized methods were built for the identification of repeat proteins. [13] Sequence-based strategies, based on homology search [14] or domain assignment, [15] [16] mostly underestimate TRs due to the presence of highly degenerate repeat units. [17]
Most slippage results in a change of just one repeat unit, and slippage rates vary for different allele lengths and repeat unit sizes, [3] and within different species. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] If there is a large size difference between individual alleles, then there may be increased instability during recombination at meiosis.
Coiled coils usually contain a repeated pattern, hxxhcxc, of hydrophobic (h) and charged (c) amino-acid residues, referred to as a heptad repeat. [10] The positions in the heptad repeat are usually labeled abcdefg, where a and d are the hydrophobic positions, often being occupied by isoleucine, leucine, or valine.
The heptad repeat is an example of a structural motif that consists of a repeating pattern of seven amino acids: [1]. a b c d e f g H P P H C P C . where H represents ...