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Plasma is called the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gas. [16] [17] [18] It is a state of matter in which an ionized substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate its behaviour. [19] [20]
The Sun's corona, some types of flame, and stars are all examples of illuminated matter in the plasma state. Plasma is by far the most abundant of the four fundamental states, as 99% of all ordinary matter in the universe is plasma, as it composes all stars. [4] [5] [6]
Ferromagnetism: A state of matter with spontaneous magnetization. Antiferromagnetism: A state of matter in which the neighboring spin are antiparallel with each other, and there is no net magnetization. Ferrimagnetism: A state in which local moments partially cancel. Altermagnetism: A state with zero net magnetization and spin-split electronic ...
Plasma (physics), one of the four fundamental states of matter Plasma (mineral) , a green translucent silica mineral Quark–gluon plasma , a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics
The various modes can also be classified according to whether they propagate in an unmagnetized plasma or parallel, perpendicular, or oblique to the stationary magnetic field. Finally, for perpendicular electromagnetic electron waves, the perturbed electric field can be parallel or perpendicular to the stationary magnetic field.
Hydrogen in its plasma state is the most abundant ordinary matter in the universe.. In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. [1]
He was, as a consequence, one of the first scientists to investigate what is now called a plasma and identified it as the fourth state of matter in 1879. [21] He also devised one of the first instruments for studying nuclear radioactivity, the spinthariscope. [3] [22] [23] [24]
In plasma physics, a Taylor state is the minimum energy state of a plasma while the plasma is conserving magnetic flux. [1] This was first proposed by John Bryan Taylor in 1974 and he backed up this claim using data from the ZETA machine. [2] Taylor-States are critical to operating both the Dynomak and the reversed field pinch - both run in a ...