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The Museum of Osteology, located in Oklahoma City, U.S., is a private museum devoted to the study of bones and skeletons ().The museum displays over 450 skeletons of animal species from all over the world. [1]
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in ...
The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative [1] catch-all term for experimentation on live animals [2] [3] [4] by organizations opposed to animal experimentation, [5] but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists. [3] [6] Human vivisection, such as live organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture. [7] [8]
American Humane Society, or previously American Humane, is an American animal welfare organization founded in 1877 committed to ensuring the safety, welfare, and well-being of animals. It was previously called the International Humane Association and subsequently the American Humane Association before changing its name to American Humane ...
One of Pavlov’s dogs with a saliva-catch container and tube surgically implanted in its muzzle, Pavlov Museum, 2005. The history of animal testing goes back to the writings of the Ancient Greeks in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Erasistratus (304–258 BCE) one of the first documented to perform experiments on nonhuman animals. [1]
William Moy Stratton Russell (26 March 1925 – 2006), also known as Bill Russell, was a British zoologist and animal welfare worker. [1] He was best known for writing, along with R. L. Burch (1926-1996) The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959), [2] a landmark in the humane use of animals in research, education and testing.
HSUS also made the use of animals in research, testing, and education an early focus. In the post–World War II era, an increasingly assertive biomedical research community sought to obtain animals from pounds and shelters handling municipal animal control contracts. Local humane societies across the nation resisted.
In 1954, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) decided to sponsor systematic research on the progress of humane techniques in the laboratory. [2] In October of that year, William Russell, described as a brilliant young zoologist who happened to be also a psychologist and a classical scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, were appointed to inaugurate a systematic study of ...