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It has therefore been argued that the terms "sulfonamide allergy" or "sulfa allergy" are misleading and should be replaced by a reference to a specific drug (e.g., "cotrimoxazole allergy"). [20] Two regions of the sulfonamide antibiotic chemical structure are implicated in the hypersensitivity reactions associated with the class.
[2]: 118 The rash may also be one of the potentially lethal severe cutaneous adverse reactions, the DRESS syndrome, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Systemic manifestations occur at the time of skin manifestations and include a high number of eosinophils in the blood , liver inflammation , and interstitial ...
One study has shown the allergic reaction rate to be about 3.0% over 359 courses of therapy. [11] Of the allergic reactions, skin rashes, eosinophilia and drug fever were the most common, while serious reactions were less common. Sulfamethoxazole is contraindicated in people with a known hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulfonamides. [9]
Drug rashes. Some drug rashes appear as minor patches of pink skin, Hu says. ... Hives can present as an allergic reaction to something, like pollen or certain foods, so you may have other allergy ...
Sulfonamide hypersensitivity syndrome is similar to anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, but the onset is often sooner in the treatment course, generally after 7–14 days of therapy. [1]: 118–9 It is considered immune-mediated. [2]
Drug-specific risk factors include the dose, route of administration, duration of treatment, repetitive exposure to the drug, and concurrent illnesses. Host risk factors include age, sex, atopy, specific genetic polymorphisms, and inherent predisposition to react to multiple unrelated drugs (multiple drug allergy syndrome). [ 3 ]
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
The five disorders have similar pathophysiologies, i.e. disease-causing mechanisms, for which new strategies are in use or development to identify individuals predisposed to develop the SCARs-inducing effects of specific drugs and thereby avoid treatment with them. [1] Maculopapular rash (MPR) is a less-well defined and benign form of drug ...