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Morphology in architecture is the study of the evolution of form within the built environment. Often used in reference to a particular vernacular language of building, this concept describes changes in the formal syntax of buildings and cities as their relationship to people evolves and changes.
Umayyad architecture – based in Damascus (c. 660–750) Abbasid architecture – based in Baghdad (c. 750–1256) Mamluk architecture – based in Cairo (c. 1256–1517) Ottoman architecture – based in Istanbul (c. 1517–1918) Regional Styles Egypt Early Islamic architecture (Rashidi + Umayyad) (641–750) Abbasid architecture (750–954)
Oakeshott types. The Oakeshott typology is a way to define and catalogue the medieval sword based on physical form. It categorises the swords of the European Middle Ages (roughly 11th to 16th centuries [1]) into 13 main types, labelled X through XXII.
These architects have been influential in recognizing the role of type for modern architecture, where the newest buildings are encouraged to actively assimilate many typological characteristics, without imitating historical styles. A common type in Asia is the "shophouse" which has an open shop on the ground floor and rooms above for living.
Historically, multiple approaches were suggested to address the reflection of the structure in the appearance of the architectural form. In the 19th-century Germany, Karl Friedrich Schinkel suggested that the structural elements shall remain visible in the forms to create a satisfying feeling of strength and security, [3] while Karl Bötticher as part of his "tectonics" suggested splitting the ...
Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture is the title of a book by the American architect Robert Venturi.It was first published in 1966 by Museum of Modern Art in New York City and has since been translated into 16 languages, and is considered one of the most important works of architectural literature.
Modern reconstruction of a Greek xiphos and scabbard. Actaeon holding a xiphos. Painted vase from Metaponto, c. 390–380 BC. The xiphos (Ancient Greek: ξίφος; plural xiphe, Ancient Greek: ξίφη [ksípʰɛː]) [1] is a double-edged, one-handed Iron Age straight shortsword used by the ancient Greeks.
Architecture is variously defined in conflicting ways, highlighting the difficulty of describing the scope of the subject precisely: [1] [2] [3] A general term to describe buildings and other physical structures – although not all buildings are generally considered to be architecture, and infrastructure (bridges, roads etc.) is civil engineering, not architecture.