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Details of upper respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract can refer to the parts of the respiratory system lying above the vocal folds, or above the cricoid cartilage. [4] [5] The larynx is sometimes included in both the upper and lower airways. [6] The larynx is also called the voice box and has the associated cartilage that produces sound.
For other ages, upper airway obstruction may occur from a foreign body or edema of the pharynx, larynx, or trachea. In cases of decreased or total loss of consciousness, the tongue can lose muscle tone and obstruct the upper airway. [2] Other potential causes of obstruction include tumors of the upper respiratory tract (oral cavity, pharynx ...
Long exposure to cigarette smoke induces airway inflammation and enlargement, which eventually restricts airflow and associates a high risk of V/Q mismatch. Also, obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder experiencing reduced breathing while asleep due to obstruction of the upper airway. It typically has a higher risk in ...
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Basic airway management is a concept and set of medical procedures performed to prevent and treat airway obstruction and allow for adequate ventilation to a patient's lungs. [1] This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways. Airway obstructions can occur in both conscious and unconscious individuals.
Functional or mechanical upper airway obstruction Decreased/incompetent clearance of tracheobronchial secretions In the acute (short term) setting, indications for tracheotomy include such conditions as severe facial trauma , tumors of the head and neck (e.g., cancers , branchial cleft cysts ), and acute angioedema and inflammation of the head ...
The upper, horizontal fissure, separates the upper from the middle lobe. It begins in the lower oblique fissure near the posterior border of the lung, and, running horizontally forward, cuts the anterior border on a level with the sternal end of the fourth costal cartilage ; on the mediastinal surface it may be traced back to the hilum . [ 1 ]
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of ventilation in which a level of pressure greater than ambient atmospheric pressure is continuously applied to the upper respiratory tract of a person. The application of positive pressure may be intended to prevent upper airway collapse, or to reduce the work of breathing. [18] counterlung