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The DSM-5 allows for diagnosis of the predominantly inattentive presentations of ADHD (ICD-10 code F90.0) if the individual presents six or more (five for adults) of the following symptoms of inattention for at least six months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level:
In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
Impedance–pH monitoring is a technique used in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), by monitoring both impedance and pH. [1] [2] Patients with ongoing symptoms while on proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy are commonly diagnosed with impedance–pH monitoring while continuing their medications. The impedance–pH monitoring ...
The DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of ADHD is 3–4 times more likely to diagnose ADHD than is the ICD-10 criteria. [217] ADHD is alternately classified as neurodevelopmental disorder [218] or a disruptive behaviour disorder along with ODD, CD, and antisocial personality disorder. [219] A diagnosis does not imply a neurological disorder. [190]
ADHD inattentive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 1–9, and score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section. ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 10–18, and a score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section.
The diagnostic criteria originally designed for determining whether an individual was experiencing ADHD symptoms was designed for children. [11] These criteria has been criticized for being limiting for adults and the symptoms that may be found in adults with ADHD such as procrastination, poor motivation, and time management difficulties.
Indigestion is relatively common, affecting 20% of people at some point during their life, and is frequently caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastritis. [1] [5] Indigestion is subcategorized as either "organic" or "functional dyspepsia", but making the diagnosis can prove challenging for physicians. [6]
[3] [4] [5] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus. It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [6] Other common descriptors for heartburn (besides burning) are belching, nausea, squeezing, stabbing, or a sensation of pressure on the chest.