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A discrete cosine transform (DCT) expresses a finite sequence of data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies.The DCT, first proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972, is a widely used transformation technique in signal processing and data compression.
The term is much more commonly used in digital media and digital signal processing.The most widely used transform coding technique in this regard is the discrete cosine transform (DCT), [1] [2] proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972, [3] [4] and presented by Ahmed with T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. [5]
5. DCT is performed on each block in the chosen coefficient sets. These coefficient sets are chosen to inquire about the imperceptibility and robustness of algorithms equally. 6. Scramble the fingerprint image to gain the scrambled watermark WS (i, j). 7. Re-formulate the scrambled watermark image into a vector of zeros and ones. 8.
The macroblock is a processing unit in image and video compression formats based on linear block transforms, typically the discrete cosine transform (DCT). A macroblock typically consists of 16×16 samples, and is further subdivided into transform blocks, and may be further subdivided into prediction blocks.
The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) is a transform based on the type-IV discrete cosine transform (DCT-IV), with the additional property of being lapped: it is designed to be performed on consecutive blocks of a larger dataset, where subsequent blocks are overlapped so that the last half of one block coincides with the first half of the next block.
Many of the techniques of digital image processing, or digital picture processing as it often was called, were developed in the 1960s, at Bell Laboratories, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Maryland, and a few other research facilities, with application to satellite imagery, wire-photo standards conversion, medical imaging, videophone ...