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A product defect is any characteristic of a product which hinders its usability for the purpose for which it was designed and manufactured. Product defects arise most prominently in legal contexts regarding product safety , where the term is applied to "anything that renders the product not reasonably safe". [ 1 ]
In quality management, a nonconformity (sometimes referred to as a non conformance or nonconformance or defect) is a deviation from a specification, a standard, or an expectation. Nonconformities or nonconformance can be classified in seriousness multiple ways, though a typical classification scheme may have three to four levels, including ...
This defect prevention aspect of quality assurance differs from the defect detection aspect of quality control and has been referred to as a shift left since it focuses on quality efforts earlier in product development and production (i.e., a shift to the left of a linear process diagram reading left to right) [2] and on avoiding defects in the ...
Design defects occur where the product design is inherently dangerous or useless (and hence defective) no matter how carefully manufactured. In other words, the defective product is the same as every other one on the same assembly line because it is exactly what the manufacturer designed and intended to build, but the plaintiff is contending ...
The Third Restatement of the Law, Torts: Products Liability §2(b) [1] favors the risk-utility test over the Second Restatement of the Law, Torts §402(a), which favored the consumer expectations test. §2(b) states, in part, "A product is defective when, at the time of sale or distribution...is defective in design. A product is defective in ...
Failure analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the cause of a failure, often with the goal of determining corrective actions or liability.. According to Bloch and Geitner, ”machinery failures reveal a reaction chain of cause and effect… usually a deficiency commonly referred to as the symptom…”
Failure Reporting (FR). The failures and the faults related to a system, a piece of equipment, a piece of software or a process are formally reported through a standard form (Defect Report, Failure Report). Analysis (A). Perform analysis in order to identify the root cause of failure. Corrective Actions (CA).
A product recall usually involves the following steps, which may differ according to local laws: [1] The business gathers information and analyses the problem. The affected products and batches, their locations within the supply chain, and probable causes of the problem are identified. Responsible authorities are informed of the issue and ...