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The rate of tuberculosis varies with age. In Africa, it primarily affects adolescents and young adults. [ 180 ] However, in countries where incidence rates have declined dramatically (such as the United States), tuberculosis is mainly a disease of the elderly and immunocompromised (risk factors are listed above).
Depending on the sort of patient population surveyed, as few as 20%, or as many as 75% of pulmonary tuberculosis cases may be without symptoms. [2] Tuberculosis should be suspected in adults when a pneumonia-like illness has persisted longer than three weeks, or when a respiratory illness in an otherwise healthy individual does not respond to ...
Depends largely on the age group of the person, earlier strains of COVID-19 had higher CFR of around 2%. [53] [54] [55] Lassa fever: Viral Treated ≈1% 15% in hospitalized patients; higher in some epidemics. [56] Mumps encephalitis: Viral Unvaccinated ≈1% [17]: 431 Pertussis (whooping cough), children in developing countries Bacterial ...
Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
Thus, without the cough or flu-like symptoms, a person can unwittingly have active tuberculosis. Other symptoms include back pain, flank pain, PID symptoms, confusion, coma, difficulty swallowing, and many other symptoms that would be a part of other diseases. [13] (Please see the reference for more information on symptoms.)
A large number of people who survived tuberculosis still experience symptoms such as breathlessness and coughing. Although the severity is not well understood, some people have reduced quality of life and exercise capacity. [4] [2] In severe cases, people may experience hospitalizations and death related to respiratory causes. [2]
Miliary tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that is characterized by a wide dissemination into the human body and by the tiny size of the lesions (1–5 mm). Its name comes from a distinctive pattern seen on a chest radiograph of many tiny spots distributed throughout the lung fields with the appearance similar to millet seeds—thus the term "miliary" tuberculosis.
Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via scanning electron microscope shows the bacteria are 2.71 ± 1.05 μm in length with an average diameter of 0.345 ± 0.029 μm. [15] The outer membrane and plasma membrane surface areas were measured to be 3.04 ± 1.33 µm 2 and 2.67 ± 1.19 µm 2 , respectively.