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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. [ 6 ] [ 12 ] Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. [ 2 ] The discharge is usually white or gray in color. [ 2 ]
[4] [5] Symptoms may include itching, burning, pain, discharge, and a bad smell. [1] Certain types of vaginitis may result in complications during pregnancy. [1] The three main causes are infections, specifically bacterial vaginosis, vaginal yeast infection, and trichomoniasis. [2]
Gram stain of cells from the vagina (the same magnification) with normal bacterial flora (top) and the bacteria that cause vaginosis (bottom). A variety of diagnosis techniques are currently available for identifying Gardnerella vaginalis such as the OSOM BV Blue assay, FemExam cards and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), resulting in the determination of ongoing BV.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the condition affects nearly 30% of women between 15 and ...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection caused by a change in the vaginal flora, which refers to the community of organisms that live in the vagina. [20] It is the most common cause of pathological vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age and accounts for 40–50% of cases. [21]
They are a medical sign of bacterial vaginosis, particularly that caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, [2] a group of Gram-variable bacteria. This bacterial infection is characterized by thin gray vaginal discharge , and an increase in vaginal pH from around 4.5 to over 5.5.
The flora serves as a defense against the invasion and colonization of opportunistic pathogens including bacterial vaginosis, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. [23] Historically, it was believed that the bacterium Gardnerella caused bacterial vaginosis, but studies have shown that bacterial vaginosis can be caused by a variety of bacteria. [ 24 ]
Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis are also present in the more common bacterial vaginosis; [56] aerobic vaginitis is distinct and should be excluded in the differential diagnosis. [57] In a 2002 study, only 33% of women who were self-treating for a yeast infection were found to have such an infection, while most had either bacterial vaginosis or ...