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As women play a prominent role in much Athenian literature, it initially seems as though there is a great deal of evidence for the lives and experiences of Athenian women. [5] However, the surviving literary evidence is written solely by men: ancient historians have no direct access to the beliefs and experiences of Classical Athenian women. [ 5 ]
A depiction of in the women's quarters of a house, on a classical Greek vase. The photo is focused on a seated woman who is relaxed while fingering a "barbiton" (a stringed instrument). Little surviving art depicts women in ancient Greek society. The majority of sources come from pottery found which displayed the everyday lives of citizens.
Euripides (c. 480 – c. 406 BC) is one of the authors of classical Greece who took a particular interest in the condition of women within the Greek world. In a predominantly patriarchal society, he undertook, through his works, to explore and sometimes challenge the injustices faced by women and certain social or moral norms concerning them.
The desire to westernize, while also reinvigorate Greek cultures and traditions manifested. Soon rose the question of what exactly to do with the roles already present in society, specifically the role of women, coined the "women question". Feminism and more progressive views on women's rights became popular, as did Eurocommunism, causing tension.
In ancient Sparta, cults for women reflected Spartan society's emphasis on the women's roles as child-bearers and raisers. Consequently, cults focused on fertility, women's health, and beauty. [ 57 ] The cult of Eileithyia , the goddess of childbirth, was an important cult for Spartan women. [ 57 ]
This excluded a majority of the population: slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics (foreign residents in Athens). [33] The women had limited rights and privileges, had restricted movement in public, and were very segregated from the men. [33] For the most part, Athens followed a citizenship-through-birth criterion.
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The Ancient Greek Roots of Human Rights is a 2021 book by American historian and classical scholar Rachel Hall Sternberg. The book investigates the intellectual and cultural foundations of humane values, tracing their origins to Classical Athens and examining their later evolution in 18th-century Europe .