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where append(n,s,x) computes, whenever s encodes a sequence of length n, a new sequence t of length n + 1 such that t[n] = x and t[i] = s[i] for all i < n. This is a primitive recursive function, under the assumption of an appropriate Gödel numbering; h is assumed primitive recursive to begin with. Thus the recursion relation can be written as ...
A constant-recursive sequence is any sequence of integers, rational numbers, algebraic numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers,,,, … (written as () = as a shorthand) satisfying a formula of the form
A recursive step — a set of rules that reduces all successive cases toward the base case. For example, the following is a recursive definition of a person's ancestor. One's ancestor is either: One's parent (base case), or; One's parent's ancestor (recursive step). The Fibonacci sequence is another classic example of recursion: Fib(0) = 0 as ...
The primitive recursive functions are closely related to mathematical finitism, and are used in several contexts in mathematical logic where a particularly constructive system is desired. Primitive recursive arithmetic (PRA), a formal axiom system for the natural numbers and the primitive recursive functions on them, is often used for this purpose.
A common algorithm design tactic is to divide a problem into sub-problems of the same type as the original, solve those sub-problems, and combine the results. This is often referred to as the divide-and-conquer method; when combined with a lookup table that stores the results of previously solved sub-problems (to avoid solving them repeatedly and incurring extra computation time), it can be ...
"A function φ is primitive recursive in ψ 1, ..., ψ k (briefly Ψ), if there is a finite sequence φ 1, ..., φ k of (occurrences of) functions ... such that each function of the sequence is either one of the functions Ψ (the assumed functions), or an initial function, or an immediate dependent of preceding functions, and the last function ...
In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.
The sequence of functions f n is called a Picard sequence, [8] [9] named after Charles Émile Picard. For a given x in X, the sequence of values f n (x) is called the orbit of x. If f n (x) = f n+m (x) for some integer m > 0, the orbit is called a periodic orbit. The smallest such value of m for a given x is called the period of the orbit.