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Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers ... polypeptides, and proteins. ...
Proteins consist of one or more polypeptides arranged in a biologically functional way, often bound to ligands such as coenzymes and cofactors, to another protein or other macromolecule such as DNA or RNA, or to complex macromolecular assemblies. [5] Amino acids that have been incorporated into peptides are termed residues.
The colloidal protein hypothesis stated that proteins were colloidal assemblies of smaller molecules. This hypothesis was disproved in the 1920s by ultracentrifugation measurements by Theodor Svedberg that showed that proteins had a well-defined, reproducible molecular weight and by electrophoretic measurements by Arne Tiselius that indicated ...
(The tertiary structure of a protein consists of the way a polypeptide is formed of a complex molecular shape. This is caused by R-group interactions such as ionic and hydrogen bonds, disulphide bridges, and hydrophobic & hydrophilic interactions. Protein tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein.
The words protein, polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable conformation, whereas peptide is generally reserved for a short amino acid oligomers often lacking a stable 3D structure. But the boundary between the two is not well ...
The protein protein interactions are displayed in a signed network that describes what type of interactions that are taking place [74] Protein–protein interactions often result in one of the interacting proteins either being 'activated' or 'repressed'. Such effects can be indicated in a PPI network by "signs" (e.g. "activation" or "inhibition").
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Protein degradation is a major regulatory mechanism of gene expression [1] and contributes substantially to shaping mammalian proteomes [2]. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years.
Proteins Represents both genes and the gene products, including proteins and miRNAs Functional classes Proteins classes based on biological function Protein complexes One or more polypeptides that form a complex via physical interactions Genetic variant Variants searchable by SNPID and text Cells Mammalian cell types & cell lines Cell Process