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Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent species. Previously, reproductive isolation between two species and their parents was thought to be particularly difficult to achieve, and thus hybrid species were thought to be very rare.
While Hybridization and breeding methods have produced successful crop species, declining yield is a major challenge. [ editorializing ] Thus, further research is needed for leveraging hybridization in perennial crop systems to produce sustainable and high yielding crops.
Alternatives to hybridization include open pollination and clonal propagation. [2] An important factor is the heterosis that results from the genetic differences between the parents, which can produce higher yield and faster growth rate. Crossing any particular pair of inbred strains may or may not result in superior offspring.
Introgression is an important source of genetic variation in natural populations and may contribute to adaptation and even adaptive radiation. [7] It can occur across hybrid zones due to chance, selection or hybrid zone movement. [8]
Introgressive hybridization, also known as introgression, is the flow of genetic material between divergent lineages via repeated backcrossing. In plants, this backcrossing occurs when an F 1 {\displaystyle F_{1}} generation hybrid breeds with one or both of its parental species.
Generally, hybridization is more frequently observed in species with external fertilization including plants but also fishes, than in internally fertilized clades. [4] In plants, high rates of selfing in some species may prevent hybridization, and breeding system may also affect the frequency of heterospecific pollen transfer.
Hybridization is an important means of speciation in plants, since polyploidy (having more than two copies of each chromosome) is tolerated in plants more readily than in animals. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] Polyploidy is important in hybrids as it allows reproduction, with the two different sets of chromosomes each being able to pair with an identical ...
A mule is a sterile hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse.Mules are smaller than horses but stronger than donkeys, making them useful as pack animals.. In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction.