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The solution, while unstable, remains effective for at least a week, if made to the correct pH. [17] Other formulations have been developed over time. In 1916, Marcel Daufresne substituted sodium bicarbonate for Dakin's boric acid as buffering agent. [7] [17] This formulation is the basis of current commercial products. [18]
Boric acid is a weak acid, with pK a (the pH at which buffering is strongest because the free acid and borate ion are in equal concentrations) of 9.24 in pure water at 25 °C. But apparent p K a is substantially lower in swimming pool or ocean waters because of interactions with various other molecules in solution.
Burow's solution is an aqueous solution of aluminium triacetate. It is available in the U.S. as an over-the-counter drug for topical administration , with brand names including Domeboro (Moberg Pharma), Domeboro Otic (ear drops), Star-Otic, and Borofair. [ 1 ]
The simplest way to prepare a BBS solution is to use BBS tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use borate buffered saline solution upon dissolution in 500 ml of deionized water. Concentration of borate and NaCl as well as the pH can vary, and the resulting solution would still be referred to as "borate buffered saline".
Figure 1.0 - Basic anatomical features of the human eye. Ophthalmic drug administration is the administration of a drug to the eyes, most typically as an eye drop formulation. Topical formulations are used to combat a multitude of diseased states of the eye. These states may include bacterial infections, eye injury, glaucoma, and dry eye. [1]
Boroline is an over-the-counter antiseptic cream sold in India by G. D. Pharmaceuticals. The cream is marketed as a natural and ayurvedic solution for various skin issues such as cuts, cracked lips, rough skin, and infections. The product traces its origins to the Swadeshi movement prevalent in India in the 1920s. First produced in 1929 by Gour ...
[1] [2] [3] For comparison, normal circulating boron levels are 0.1 to 80 μg/mL, acute boric acid toxicity has been associated with levels of 5.4 to 1,000 μg/mL, concentrations of 80 to 126 μg/mL have been observed without toxicity symptoms or signs, and boric acid levels of less than 200 μg/mL are thought to be safe by many researchers.
In aqueous solution, boric acid B(OH) 3 can act as a weak Brønsted acid, that is, a proton donor, with pK a ~ 9. However, it more often acts as a Lewis acid, accepting an electron pair from a hydroxide ion produced by the water autoprotolysis: [11] B(OH) 3 + 2 H 2 O ⇌ [B(OH) 4] − + H 3 O + (pK = 8.98) [12]