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Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have low propensity to induce bacterial resistance and are less likely to disrupt the microbiome (normal microflora). [3] On the other hand, indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics may not only induce the development of bacterial resistance and promote the emergency of multidrug-resistant organisms, but also cause off-target effects due to dysbiosis.
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites. [1] It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia , acne , chlamydia infections , Lyme disease , cholera , typhus , and syphilis . [ 1 ]
Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for bacterial pneumonia, with ventilation (oxygen supplement) as supportive therapy. The antibiotic choice depends on the nature of the pneumonia, the microorganisms most commonly causing pneumonia in the geographical region, and the immune status and underlying health of the individual.
Azithromycin is an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic. [10] It works by decreasing the production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth. [10] [13] Azithromycin was discovered in Yugoslavia (present day Croatia) in 1980 by the pharmaceutical company Pliva and approved for medical use in 1988.
Antibiotic candidates Generic name Origin Susceptible phyla Stage of development Mechanism of action Unclassified Teixobactin: Eleftheria terrae: Gram-positive, including antibiotic resistant S. aureus and M. tuberculosis: No human trials scheduled: Binds fatty acid precursors to cell wall Malacidins: Uncultured Bacterium
Antibiotic use is also associated with side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, taste distortion, or headaches. [121] In the UK, treatment before culture results with amoxicillin is recommended as the first line for community-acquired pneumonia, with doxycycline or clarithromycin as alternatives. [69]