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Material conditional (also material implication), a logical connective and binary truth function typically interpreted as "If p, then q" Material implication (rule of inference), a logical rule of replacement; Implicational propositional calculus, a version of classical propositional calculus that uses only the material conditional connective
An implication A→B is simply a pair of sets A⊆M, B⊆M, where M is the set of attributes under consideration. A is the premise and B is the conclusion of the implication A→B . A set C respects the implication A→B when ¬(C⊆A) or C⊆B.
If the U.S. Congress passes a bill, the president's signing of the bill is sufficient to make it law. Note that the case whereby the president did not sign the bill, e.g. through exercising a presidential veto, does not mean that the bill has not become a law (for example, it could still have become a law through a congressional override ...
The hearer can now draw the contextual implications that +> Susan needs to be cheered up. +> Peter wants me to ring Susan and cheer her up. If Peter intended the hearer to come to these implications, they are implicated conclusions. Implicated premises and conclusions are the two types of implicatures in the relevance theoretical sense. [51]
Economic impact analyses usually employ one of two methods for determining impacts. The first is an input-output model (I/O model) for analyzing the regional economy. . These models rely on inter-industry data to determine how effects in one industry will impact other s
Logical consequence (also entailment or logical implication) is a fundamental concept in logic which describes the relationship between statements that hold true when one statement logically follows from one or more statements.
"Normative" is sometimes also used, somewhat confusingly, to mean relating to a descriptive standard: doing what is normally done or what most others are expected to do in practice. In this sense a norm is not evaluative, a basis for judging behavior or outcomes; it is simply a fact or observation about behavior or outcomes, without judgment.
The problem of whether to use nomothetic or idiographic approaches is most sharply felt in the social sciences, whose subject are unique individuals (idiographic perspective), but who have certain general properties or behave according to general rules (nomothetic perspective).