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This is a timeline of the development of prophecy among the Jews in Judaism. ... 474 BC: Esther; 450 BC: Remainder of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Malachi.) ...
The earliest Christian commentary on Ezra–Nehemiah is that of Bede in the early 8th century. [20] The fact that Ezra–Nehemiah was translated into Greek by the mid-2nd century BCE suggests that this was the time by which it had come to be regarded as scripture. [12] It was treated as a single book in the Hebrew, Greek and Old Latin manuscripts.
The alternative proposed date of the mission of Ezra the Scribe (if he served under Artaxerxes II). [11] 400–300 BCE. Ezra–Nehemiah (Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah) is written. An early Hebrew form of 1 Esdras, an alternative account, is also possibly created. [15] [11] 359–338 BCE. Reign of Artaxerxes III. [16]
The canonical Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah are the oldest sources for the activity of Ezra, [11] whereas many of the other books ascribed to Ezra (First Esdras, 3–6 Ezra) are later literary works dependent on the canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah. The book of Ezra–Nehemiah was always written as one scroll. [12] In late medieval ...
In the Ketuvim, 1–2 Chronicles form one book as do Ezra and Nehemiah which form a single unit entitled Ezra–Nehemiah. [4] (In citations by chapter and verse, however, the Hebrew equivalents of "Nehemiah", "I Chronicles" and "II Chronicles" are used, as the system of chapter division was imported from Christian usage.) Collectively, eleven ...
The Book of Nehemiah suggests that the priest-scribe Ezra brought the Torah back from Babylon to the Second Temple of Jerusalem around the same time period. Both 1 and 2 Maccabees suggest that Judas Maccabeus (around 167 BCE) also collected sacred books (3:42–50, 2:13–15, 15:6–9).
Josephus mentions Ezra and Nehemiah in Antiquities of the Jews (Book XI, Chapter 5) and Esther (during the rule of Artaxerxes) in Chapter 6. [20] The canon is until the reign of Artaxerxes [clarification needed] as mentioned by Josephus in Against Apion (Book 1, Paragraph 8).
The Masoretic Text is the basis of modern Jewish and Christian bibles. While difficulties with biblical texts make it impossible to reach sure conclusions, perhaps the most widely held hypothesis is that it embodies an overall scheme of 4,000 years (a "great year") taking the re-dedication of the Temple by the Maccabees in 164 BCE as its end-point. [4]