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The depth of an impact crater in a solid planet or moon may be measured from the local surface to the bottom of the crater, or from the rim of the crater to the bottom. Crater depth diagram. The diagram above shows the full (side) view of a typical crater. Depth "A" measures from the surface to the bottom of the crater.
The table below is arranged by the continent's percentage of the Earth's land area, and where Asian and Russian structures are grouped together per EID convention. The global distribution of known impact structures apparently shows a surprising asymmetry, [ 37 ] with the small but well-funded European continent having a large percentage of ...
A central-peak crater is the most basic form of complex crater. A central-peak crater can have a tightly spaced, ring-like arrangement of peaks, thus be a peak ring crater, though the peak is often single. [3] Central-peak craters can occur in impact craters via meteorites. An Earthly example is Mistastin crater, in Canada. [1]
For example, it was estimated there was a high chance of 99942 Apophis swinging by Earth in 2029 with a 10 −4 probability of returning on an impact trajectory in 2035 or 2036. It was then determined that a deflection from this potential return trajectory, several years before the swing-by, could be achieved with a velocity change on the order ...
A volcanic crater is a bowl-shaped depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity, usually located above the volcano's vent. [11] During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava.
Tycho is a relatively young crater, with an estimated age of 108 million years , based on analysis of samples of the crater ray recovered during the Apollo 17 mission. [3] This age initially suggested that the impactor may have been a member of the Baptistina family of asteroids, but as the composition of the impactor is unknown this remained ...
Nadir crater is a buried impact crater on the Guinea Plateau in the Atlantic Ocean, 400 kilometres (248 miles) off the coast of Guinea. The feature is named after the Nadir Seamount , located 100 km to the south.
Caravaggio is an example of a Peak ring impact basin on Mercury. Several areas on Mercury are extremely dark, such as a small crater within Hemingway crater in the lower right. The geology of Mercury is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mercury. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical ...