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The complex's water was initially supplied by the Aqua Virgo – already supplying the neighbouring Baths of Agrippa – then by the newly built Aqua Alexandrina after its restoration in the reign of the early third century emperor Alexander Severus, after whom it was subsequently renamed, though some continued to give it Nero's name. [5]
They were given the misnomer 'of Nero' in the medieval period, when they were believed to have been part of a palace - the earliest level actually dates to the final decades of the 1st century, during the reign of Domitian, as suggested by the use of the opus vittatum mixtum building technique with alternating layers of brick and tuff blocks.
Although the Oppian villa continued to be inhabited for some years, soon after Nero's death other parts of the palace and grounds, encompassing 2.6 km 2 (c. 1 mi 2), were filled with earth and built over: the Baths of Titus were already being built on part of the site, probably the private baths, in 79 AD.
The remains of a vast palace built by Emperor Nero, including a 50-seat latrine where slaves and workers would chat while they attended to their needs, opens to the public for the first time today.
The baths were erected on the Oppian Hill, a southern extension of the Esquiline Hill. The lower slopes had been occupied by the Esquiline Wing of the Domus Aurea, an ornate residence belonging to Nero. After Nero's death, the residence on the Oppian remained in use by Emperors of the Flavian dynasty, until it was destroyed in a fire in 104 AD. [9]
The Basilica di Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine ("Basilica of Saint Apollinaris at the Baths of Nero") is a titular church in Rome, Italy, dedicated to St Apollinare, the first bishop of Ravenna.
The baths sat at the base of the Esquiline Hill, an area of parkland and luxury estates which had been taken over by Nero (AD 54–68) for his Golden House or Domus Aurea. Titus' baths were built in haste, possibly by converting an existing or partly built bathing complex belonging to the reviled Domus Aurea . [ 2 ]
The importance of this location in Medieval Rome is that it was the main output for the Aqua Virgo aqueduct, one of the few aqueducts which underwent frequent restoration works during the centuries. By its remaining active it enabled the region to survive well throughout the Middle Ages, although the change of its sources caused the water's ...