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Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age.
When an aspect of development is strongly affected by early experience, it is said to show a high degree of plasticity; when the genetic make-up is the primary cause of development, plasticity is said to be low. [60] Plasticity may involve guidance by endogenous factors like hormones as well as by exogenous factors like infection. [57]
Early childhood is a stage in human development following infancy and preceding middle childhood. It generally includes toddlerhood and some time afterward. Play age is an unspecific designation approximately within the scope of early childhood.
Why is early developmental delay detection so important? Research makes clear that the earlier developmental delays are identified and treatment or therapy begins, the better the outcome.
Physical development. Typically grows between 1 and 1.5 inches (2.5 and 3.8 cm) and gains about 2 pounds (910 g). [20] Motor development. Hands kept in tight fists. [21] Equal movement of arms and legs on both sides. [21] Able to briefly hold up head when in prone position. [21] Arm thrusts are jerky. [22] Brings hands close to eyes and mouth. [22]
Experiences and environmental factors play a crucial role in shaping neural development. Early sensory experiences, such as exposure to language and visual stimuli, can influence the development of neural pathways related to perception and language processing. [60] Genetic factors play a huge roll in neural development.
Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is a perspective within early childhood education whereby a teacher or child caregiver nurtures a child's social/emotional, physical, and cognitive development. [1]
Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development. It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [ 1 ]