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A simple MacPherson strut suspension on the left front wheel of a rear-wheel drive vehicle. The front of the vehicle is at bottom right of the image. Upper green: Vehicle body/strut interface Red: Steering knuckle or hub carrier Blue: Lower control arm or track control arm Light blue: Steering gear tie rod or track rod Lower purple: Radius rod
Direct-drive mechanisms are used in applications ranging from low speed operation (such as phonographs, telescope mounts, video game racing wheels and gearless wind turbines) [14] [15] [16] to high speeds (such as fans, computer hard drives, VCR heads, sewing machines, CNC machines and washing machines.)
Scammell Pioneer heavy off-road truck. Although they are largely obsolete, kingpin suspensions have the advantage of being able to carry much heavier weights, [dubious – discuss] which is why they are still featured on some heavy trucks. Dana produced the kingpin version of the D60 axle until 1991.
Spindles or uprights - Jaguar left and Holden Gemini right The wheel spindle in the illustration is colored red. In an automobile, the wheel spindle, sometimes called simply the spindle, is the part of the suspension system that carries the hub for the wheel and attaches to the upper and lower control arms.
In a drive suspension, the knuckle has no spindle, but rather has a hub into which is affixed the bearings and shaft of the drive mechanism. The end of the drive mechanism would then have the necessary mounting studs for the wheel/tire and/or brake assembly. Therefore, the wheel assembly would rotate as the drive shaft (or half-shaft) dictates.
The GM AAM axle tubes exhibit a smaller diameter at the spindle compared to the AAM Dodge axles—measuring 4" for GM and 3.5" for Dodge from the housing. In design variation, newer GM trucks are aligned with Dodge axles. Additionally, GM incorporates a vibration damper on the yoke, while Dodge positions it on the drive shaft.