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In 1991, a Chrysler multi-port fuel injection system replaced the RENIX system, and the intake ports were raised approximately 1 ⁄ 8 in (3.2 mm) for a better entry radius. Chrysler also enlarged the throttle body and redesigned the intake and exhaust manifolds for more efficiency, and the fuel injectors were replaced with higher flow units.
Diagram of an exhaust manifold from a Kia Rio. 1. manifold; 2. gasket; 3. nut; 4. heat shield; 5. heat shield bolt Ceramic-coated exhaust manifold on the side of a performance car. In automotive engineering, an exhaust manifold collects the exhaust gases from multiple cylinders into one pipe.
The H series flathead six cylinder engine. The first-generation Ford six-cylinder engines were all flatheads.They were the G- and H-series engines of 226 cu in (3.7 L) used in cars and trucks and the M-series of 254 cu in (4.2 L) used in larger Ford trucks and for industrial applications.
Other changes include Gen. 3 specific camshafts, enlarged intake and exhaust valves, an increased compression ratio of 12.0:1, a revised intake manifold, and 7500 rpm redline in the Mustang. With these changes the updated 5.0 L Coyote is rated by Ford at 460 hp (343 kW) and 420 lb⋅ft (569 N⋅m).
The 282 cu in (4.6 L) engine underwent engineering upgrades that included an all-new head design with an improved cooling system and quench-type combustion chambers, a higher 8.0:1 compression ratio, and a new two-barrel aluminum intake manifold, while the rear differential gear ratio changed from 3.31:1 to 3.07:1.
It offers the airflow of more expensive heads, at a much lower cost. It does, however, require a specific intake manifold (the L31 has four bolts per head attaching the intake manifold, as opposed to the "traditional" six bolts per head found on older Chevrolet small-blocks). Chevrolet's L31 was replaced by GM's LS-based 5.3L LM7 and 6.0L LQ4.