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Lipid numbers take the form C:D, [a] where C is the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid and D is the number of double bonds in the fatty acid. If D is more than one, the double bonds are assumed to be interrupted by CH 2 units, i.e., at intervals of 3 carbon atoms along the chain. For instance, α-linolenic acid is an 18:3 fatty acid and ...
In biochemistry, lipogenesis is the conversion of fatty acids and glycerol into fats, or a metabolic process through which acetyl-CoA is converted to triglyceride for storage in fat. [1] Lipogenesis encompasses both fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis , with the latter being the process by which fatty acids are esterified to glycerol before ...
The hydrolysis of the ester bonds of triglycerides and the release of glycerol and fatty acids from adipose tissue are the initial steps in metabolizing fat. [ 31 ] : 630–1 Additional subclasses of glycerolipids are represented by glycosylglycerols, which are characterized by the presence of one or more sugar residues attached to glycerol via ...
In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Most of the acetyl-CoA which is converted into fatty acids is derived from carbohydrates via the glycolytic pathway.
Epoxide monomers may be cross linked with themselves, or with the addition of a co-reactant, to form epoxy; BPA is the monomer precursor for polycarbonate; Terephthalic acid is a comonomer that, with ethylene glycol, forms polyethylene terephthalate. Dimethylsilicon dichloride is a monomer that, upon hydrolysis, gives polydimethylsiloxane.
Their number and arrangement is called the secondary structure of the protein. Alpha helices are regular spirals stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the backbone CO group of one amino acid residue and the backbone NH group of the i+4 residue. The spiral has about 3.6 amino acids per turn, and the amino acid side chains stick out from the ...
The double bonds in unsaturated fats can be converted into single bonds by reaction with hydrogen effected by a catalyst. This process, called hydrogenation , is used to turn vegetable oils into solid or semisolid vegetable fats like margarine , which can substitute for tallow and butter and (unlike unsaturated fats) resist rancidification .
The trans isomer of oleic acid is called elaidic acid or trans-9-octadecenoic acid. These isomers have distinct physical properties and biochemical properties. Elaidic acid, the most abundant trans fatty acid in diet, appears to have an adverse effect on health. [17] A reaction that converts oleic acid to elaidic acid is called elaidinization.