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Ospemifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) [4] acting similarly to an estrogen on the vaginal epithelium, building vaginal wall thickness which in turn reduces the pain associated with dyspareunia. Dyspareunia is most commonly caused by "vulvar and vaginal atrophy." [5]
Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by physical examination and medical history. Underlying causes determine treatment. Many patients experience relief when physical causes are identified and treated. In 2020, dyspareunia has been estimated to globally affect 35% of women at some point in their lives. [3]
It was approved for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and was the first clinically available SERM to prevent both osteoporosis and breast cancer. [7] Ospemifene was approved on February 26, 2013, for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, which is a symptom, due to menopause, of vulvar and vaginal atrophy.
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used. [5] [6] [7] In the past, it was widely used for a variety of indications, including pregnancy support for those with a history of recurrent miscarriage, hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency, treatment of prostate cancer and ...
This is a list of drugs and substances that are known or suspected to cause Stevens–Johnson syndrome This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .
While one may expect the female to have an equal prevalence of pelvic compression syndrome due to the identical embryological origin of the valveless pampiniform plexus, this condition is thought to be underdiagnosed due to the broad differential of the pain pattern: unilateral or bilateral pain, dull to sharp, constant to intermittent pain worsening with any increase in abdominal pressure.
Treatment may include the use of a heating pad. [3] Medications that may help include NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, hormonal birth control and the IUD with progestogen. [1] [3] Taking vitamin B1 or magnesium may help. [2] Evidence for yoga, acupuncture and massage is insufficient. [1] Surgery may be useful if certain underlying problems are present ...
Early treatment options include medroxyprogesterone or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). [1] Surgery to block the varicose veins may also be done. [1] About 30% of women of reproductive age are affected. [6] It is believed to be the cause of about a third of chronic pelvic pain cases. [5]