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The negative swing of the output will not dip below about −0.6 V, assuming a silicon PN diode. [1] A clamper (or clamping circuit or clamp) is an electronic circuit that fixes either the positive or the negative peak excursions of a signal to a defined voltage by adding a variable positive or negative DC voltage to it. [2]
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A clamper circuit is not a clipper, but the simple diode version has a similar topology to a clipper with the exception that the resistor is replaced with a capacitor. The clamper circuit fixes either the positive or negative peaks at a fixed voltage (determined by the biasing voltage) rather than clipping them off.
A circuit designer may intentionally use a clipper or clamper to keep a signal within a desired range. When an amplifier is pushed to create a signal with more power than it can support, it will amplify the signal only up to its maximum capacity, at which point the signal will be amplified no further.
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However, in this example, half of that voltage drop is across the electrode. The experimenter thinks he or she has moved the cell voltage by 40 mV, but has moved it only by 20 mV. The difference is the "series resistance error". Modern patch-clamp amplifiers have circuitry to compensate for this error, but these compensate only 70-80% of it.
I don't understand where the 2 multiplier comes from. Likewise, the equations for the unbiased circuits has the same problem. Vbias clearly drops off but the equations should be V in-V D for the positive clamper and -V in +V D for the negative clamper. The beginning of the "Types" section is also wrong because it shows an example based on wrong ...
The Villard circuit, conceived by Paul Ulrich Villard, [p 1] consists simply of a capacitor and a diode. While it has the great benefit of simplicity, its output has very poor ripple characteristics. Essentially, the circuit is a diode clamp circuit. The capacitor is charged on the negative half cycles to the peak AC voltage (V pk). The output ...