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It's commonly known as "Detonation or Knock". Engine management systems can overcome pre ignition by the means of a knock or detonation sensor. The sensor will detect pre ignition and retard the engines timing to protect the engine from damage. Undesired engine behavior will occur such as loss of performance or power.
A control loop is permanently monitoring the signal of one or more knock sensors (commonly piezoelectric sensor which are able to translate vibrations into an electric signal). If the characteristic pressure peak of a knocking combustion is detected the ignition timing is retarded by steps of a few degrees.
Knock sensor; Additional signals used as inputs are: Air conditioner (compressor on) Car battery voltage; Starter motor signal; Digifant system inputs/outputs. power steering pump (supplying pressure) The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), three-speed automatic transmission, and vehicle speed sensor are not linked to this system.
2005–2009 Land Rover Discovery 3 / LR3 The Land Rover version of the cast iron engine block has different motor mount castings/machined surfaces for the motor mounts and the left mount engine knock sensor, plus the engine girdle (upper oil pan) has a threaded hole drilled and tapped for an engine oil temperature sensor.
[citation needed] The five-pin module was introduced in 1978 and was an early attempt at electronic timing control; it contains a provision for connecting a knock sensor. [ citation needed ] The seven- and eight-pin modules are used on early computer -controlled engines in conjunction with fixed-timing distributors, as the computer controls the ...
To detect knock, a piezoelectric knock sensor (basically a microphone) bolted to the engine block responds to unique frequencies caused by engine knock. The sensor generates a small voltage that is sent to the electronic control unit , which processes the signal to determine if, in fact, knock is occurring.
The reduced engine speeds allow more time for autoignition chemistry to complete thus promoting the possibility of pre-ignition and so called "mega-knock". Under these circumstances, there is still significant debate as to the sources of the pre-ignition event. [3] Pre-ignition and engine knock both sharply increase combustion chamber temperatures.
Pressure in cylinder pattern in dependence on ignition timing: (a) - misfire, (b) too soon, (c) optimal, (d) too late. In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.