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Stiegel's glass works in the Province of Pennsylvania was the first in America to make fine lead crystal, which is often mislabeled as flint glass. [64] Amelung invested more money in glassmaking than anyone ever had and produced impressive quality glass with engraving —although his Maryland glass works failed after 11 years. [ 65 ]
Glass company financiers discovered that if a skilled glass worker left their company, glassmaking knowledge left with them. [17] Boston businessman Deming Jarves, who has been called the "father of the American glass industry", joined the industry in 1809 as an investor. [18] Jarves began to keep a book of glass recipes.
Stiegel was the second German to operate an American glass works on a large scale. [39] He built some "glass–ovens" at Elizabeth Furnace in 1762, and began making glass in 1763. [45] Products were bottles and window glass. [46] He hired European glassblowers, including some from Venice, and paid for their transportation to Pennsylvania. [47]
Only ten glass manufacturers are thought to have been operating in 1800. High-quality glassware was imported from England, and glassmaking knowledge was kept secret. England controlled a key ingredient for producing high–quality glassware and kept its price high—making it difficult for American glass manufacturers to compete price-wise.
Early American molded glass refers to glass functional and decorative objects, such as bottles and dishware, that were manufactured in the United States in the 19th century. The objects were produced by blowing molten glass into a mold, thereby causing the glass to assume the shape and pattern design of the mold.
A New England Glass Company ewer, 1840–1860 A Novelty Glass Company advertisement in 1891 An electrical insulator made by Whitall Tatum Company, circa 1922. Alexander Gibbs; An Túr Gloine
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Glass works such as New England Glass Company, and Pittsburgh's Bakewell glass works, were producers of crystal early in the 19th century. [25] [Note 4] The Seneca Glass Company was one of the few glass works still making lead crystal glassware late in the 19th century, and it continued using 19th century technology through much of the 20th ...