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Elderly adults with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) may have poor balance, difficulty controlling urination, or mental impairment. [4] In babies, there may be a rapid increase in head size. Other symptoms may include vomiting , sleepiness, seizures , and downward pointing of the eyes .
Blockage of the aqueduct can lead to hydrocephalus, specifically as a common cause of congenital and/or obstructive hydrocephalus. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The aqueduct of Sylvius is the channel which connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle and is the narrowest part of the CSF pathway with a mean cross-sectional area of 0.5 mm 2 in children and ...
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The underlying etiology of primary NPH has not yet been identified. Primary NPH affects adults age 40 years or older, most commonly in adults over 60. [15] Secondary NPH can affect persons of any age and occurs due to conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, brain surgery, brain radiation, or traumatic brain injury. [16]
L1 syndrome is a group of mild to severe X-linked recessive disorders that share a common genetic basis. The spectrum of L1 syndrome disorders includes X-linked complicated corpus callosum dysgenesis, spastic paraplegia 1, MASA syndrome, and X-linked hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS).
A man in France continues to puzzle scientists nearly a decade after he was found to be living with just 10 percent of a typical human brain. His case was originally published in The Lancet ...
Other conditions sometimes causally associated with Chiari malformation include hydrocephalus, [49] syringomyelia, spinal curvature, tethered spinal cord syndrome, and connective tissue disorders [42] such as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome [50] and Marfan syndrome. Chiari malformation is the most frequently used term for this set of conditions.
Cerebral atrophy can be hard to distinguish from hydrocephalus because both cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus involve an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume. In cerebral atrophy, this increase in CSF volume comes as a result of the decrease in cortical volume. In hydrocephalus, the increase in volume happens due to the CSF itself. [20]