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Nail–patella syndrome is a genetic disorder that results in small, poorly developed nails and kneecaps, but can also affect many other areas of the body, such as the elbows, chest, and hips. The name "nail–patella" can be very misleading because the syndrome often affects many other areas of the body, including even the production of ...
This finding was important as they were the first to note that it was a benign disorder that is separate from the more severe nail-patella syndrome. [35] Other common names for ischiopatellar syndrome are small patella syndrome (SPS), since the patellae are often small or absent in patients who have this syndrome, and coxo-podo-patellaire syndrome.
A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage, nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
It can be treated by physical therapy, or by a combination of physical therapy and surgery. [1] One class of congenital limb deformities, limb reduction defects, occurs when one or more limbs are undersized or missing parts. The prevalence of these defects in the United States is approximately 1 in 1900 births. [2]
Onychauxis presents with thickened nails without deformity, and this simple thickening may be the result of trauma, acromegaly, Darier's disease, psoriasis, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, or, in some cases, hereditary. [1]: 783 [2] It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis.
Acquired racquet nail may also be diagnostic of bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism. [5] Racquet nail often presents with other nail conditions such as onycholysis, koilonychia, pachyonychia, Muehrcke's lines, leuconychia, and half-and-half nails. [5] Cosmetic surgery can be used to improve the appearance of the nails. [4]
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
Pincer nail is characterized by an increase in the nail's maximum transverse curvature, pushing the nail edges down into the lateral nail fold. The nail bed at the distal end along the longitudinal axis of the nail plate is also pushed down in a proximal to distal manner.