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Scar from midline incision for exploratory laparotomy. A vertical cut, or incision, is made in the middle of the abdomen.This midline incision extends from the xiphoid process at the bottom of the chest to the pubic symphysis at the bottom of the pelvis.
In diagnostic laparotomy (most often referred to as an exploratory laparotomy and abbreviated ex-lap), the nature of the disease is unknown, and laparotomy is deemed the best way to identify the cause. In therapeutic laparotomy, a cause has been identified (e.g. colon cancer) and the operation is required for its therapy.
The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen ().Surgery of each abdominal organ is dealt with separately in connection with the description of that organ (see stomach, kidney, liver, etc.) Diseases affecting the abdominal cavity are dealt with generally under their own names.
A Pfannenstiel incision for a caesarian section closed with surgical staples.The superior aspect of mons pubis and pubic hair are seen at bottom of the image.. A Pfannenstiel incision / ˈ f ɑː n ɪ n ʃ t iː l /, Kerr incision, Pfannenstiel-Kerr incision [1] or pubic incision is a type of abdominal surgical incision that allows access to the abdomen.
Coagulation disorders and dense adhesions (scar tissue) from previous abdominal surgery may pose added risk for laparoscopic surgery and are considered relative contra-indications for this approach. Intra-abdominal adhesion formation is a risk associated with both laparoscopic and open surgery and remains a significant, unresolved problem. [33]
The most common use of exploratory surgery in humans is in the abdomen, a laparotomy. If a camera is used, it's called a laparoscopy. A laparotomy can be used to diagnose cancer, endometriosis, gallstones, gastrointestinal perforation, appendicitis, diverticulitis, liver abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and
An old cesarean scar may undergo dehiscence; with further labor the woman may experience abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, though these signs are difficult to distinguish from normal labor. Often a deterioration of the fetal heart rate is a leading sign, but the cardinal sign of uterine rupture is loss of fetal station on manual vaginal exam.
Perforation anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract typically requires emergency surgery in the form of an exploratory laparotomy. [2] This is usually carried out along with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. [2] Occasionally the hole can be sewn closed while other times a bowel resection is required. [2]