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The name "cyanobacteria" (from Ancient Greek κύανος (kúanos) 'blue') refers to their bluish green color, [8] [9] which forms the basis of cyanobacteria's informal common name, blue-green algae, [10] [11] [12] although as prokaryotes they are not scientifically classified as algae.
The cryptomonads (or cryptophytes) [2] are a group of algae, [3] most of which have plastids. They are traditionally considered a division of algae among phycologists, under the name of Cryptophyta. [4] They are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats.
Algae can be used to capture fertilizers in runoff from farms. When subsequently harvested, the enriched algae can be used as fertilizer. Aquaria and ponds can be filtered using algae, which absorb nutrients from the water in a device called an algae scrubber, also known as an algae turf scrubber. [130] [131]
Chlamydomonas (/ ˌ k l æ m ɪ ˈ d ɒ m ə n ə s,-d ə ˈ m oʊ-/ KLAM-ih-DOM-ə-nəs, -də-MOH-) is a genus of green algae consisting of about 150 species [2] of unicellular flagellates, found in stagnant water and on damp soil, in freshwater, seawater, and even in snow as "snow algae". [3]
The most common type of plastid is the chloroplast, which contains chlorophyll and produces organic compounds by photosynthesis. Plants and various groups of algae have plastids as well as mitochondria. Plastids, like mitochondria, have their own DNA and are developed from endosymbionts, in this case cyanobacteria
These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea. [64] The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life.
Green algae are often classified with their embryophyte descendants in the green plant clade Viridiplantae (or Chlorobionta). Viridiplantae, together with red algae and glaucophyte algae, form the supergroup Primoplantae, also known as Archaeplastida or Plantae sensu lato. The ancestral green alga was a unicellular flagellate. [20]
The group of bacteria called rhizobia live inside the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen from the air into a biologically useful form. [ 8 ] Mycorrhizae or root fungi form a dense network of thin filaments that reach far into the soil, acting as extensions of the plant roots they live on or in.