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If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux passing through a surface of vector area S is = = , where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (the magnetic flux density) having the unit of Wb/m 2 , S is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to S.
In electromagnetism, current density is the amount of charge per unit time that flows through a unit area of a chosen cross section. [1] The current density vector is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area at a given point in space, its direction being that of the motion of the positive charges at this point.
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal n̂, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
where is the magnetic flux density, or magnetic flux per unit area at a given point in space. The simplest example of such a system is a single circular coil of conductive wire immersed in a magnetic field, in which case the flux linkage is simply the flux passing through the loop.
The above equations are the microscopic version of Maxwell's equations, expressing the electric and the magnetic fields in terms of the (possibly atomic-level) charges and currents present. This is sometimes called the "general" form, but the macroscopic version below is equally general, the difference being one of bookkeeping.
The Biot–Savart law [4]: Sec 5-2-1 is used for computing the resultant magnetic flux density B at position r in 3D-space generated by a filamentary current I (for example due to a wire). A steady (or stationary) current is a continual flow of charges which does not change with time and the charge neither accumulates nor depletes at any point.
35.4 T – the current (2009) world record for a superconducting electromagnet in a background magnetic field [19] 45 T – the current (2015) world record for continuous field magnets [19] 97.4 T – strongest magnetic field produced by a "non-destructive" magnet [20] 100 T – approximate magnetic field strength of a typical white dwarf star
Carl Friedrich Gauß in 1828, aged 50 years old. The gauss (symbol: G, sometimes Gs) is a unit of measurement of magnetic induction, also known as magnetic flux density.The unit is part of the Gaussian system of units, which inherited it from the older centimetre–gram–second electromagnetic units (CGS-EMU) system.