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A penal treadmill (penal treadwheel or everlasting staircase) was a treadwheel or treadmill with steps set into two cast iron wheels. These drove a shaft that could be used to mill corn, pump water, or connect to a large fan for resistance. [1] Penal treadmills were used in prisons during the 19th century in both Britain and the United States ...
British penal treadwheel. A treadwheel, or treadmill, is a form of engine typically powered by humans. It may resemble a water wheel in appearance, and can be worked either by a human treading paddles set into its circumference (treadmill), or by a human or animal standing inside it (treadwheel).
Description: An Interior View of a Jamaica House of Correction, c.1837. Caption: An Interior View of a Jamaica House of Correction, this illustration shows a scene during the Apprenticeship Period (1834-38); man on left being flogged, in center at bottom, a woman has her hair cut off.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penal_treadwheel&oldid=740191463"This page was last edited on 19 September 2016, at 16:29 (UTC). (UTC).
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment.The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define as social issues, and societal responses to these problems.
Euphemism treadmill, in sociolinguistics the tendency for euphemisms to become dysphemisms; Hedonic treadmill, in positive psychology the tendency of a person to remain at a relatively stable level of happiness despite changes in fortune or the achievement of major goals
In psychology, punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal of a pleasant stimulus ("negative punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment.
Katorga (Russian: ка́торга, romanized: kátorga, IPA: [ˈkatərɡə] ⓘ; from medieval and modern Greek: κάτεργον, romanized: kátergon, lit. 'galley'; and Ottoman Turkish: کادیرغا, kadırga) was a system of penal labor in the Russian Empire [1] and the Soviet Union (see Katorga labor in the Soviet Union).